The difference between a dynamic and a condenser microphone is a dynamic microphone is better for capturing loud, strong sounds (drums or loud vocals), particularly in a live setting, whereas a condenser microphone is used to capture more delicate sounds and higher frequencies (studio vocals)
Dynamic Mics use a diaphragm, voice-coil and magnet to pick up and convert sound waves into an electrical signal, dynamic mics are the industry standard for being sturdy and nigh unbreakable.
Condenser Mics on the other hand, use an electrically charged diaphragm which is caused to vibrate by soundwaves and are much more fragile, condenser mics have a cradle to stop it from making contact with the stand which would in turn make it pick up the vibrations from around the room.
Source used: https://bothners.co.za/dynamic-vs-condenser-mics-a-basic-introduction/
Thomas Norman 